Tractor YuMZ-6 - a universal hard worker originally from the Soviet Union

Somehow it happened that the MTZ was always considered the main Soviet universal tractor. Of course, they are not the most massive, but among the wheeled models they clearly dominated in their class.


Against the background of MTZ, YuMZ was somehow lost, but they also came across everywhere, as a rule, in the form of excavators. Although, perhaps, it was me, the author was so lucky, but in our city it was they who worked at construction sites and on the village collective farm.

The YuMZ-6 tractor has become a real long-liver. The model was assembled from 1966 to 2001. During this time, it has been seriously modernized several times. The margin of safety of tractors is so great that even now they can be purchased on the used market. For the model they ask from 250 thousand rubles.

History

It was not just that the YuMZ family was confused with the Belarusian MTZ - it was the Minsk engineers who helped their colleagues from Dnepropetrovsk start production. The plant was founded back in 1944, after the liberation of the city from the Germans. Only it was not immediately called that, but DAZ.


Initially, it was planned to organize the assembly of GAZ-51 trucks at the production site. Recall that this model began to be mass-produced in 1946, although the first prototypes appeared even before the start of World War II.


In 1951, it was decided that the Soviet Union needed quality trucks that full-cycle enterprises could better handle. At the same time, the Cold War required the development of new weapons. So DAZ turned into a military enterprise, becoming part of the production association "Southern Machine-Building Plant".

It's funny, but the famous Dnepropetrovsk tractors, which appeared in 1953, were produced as side products for cover. As for the former DAZ, the enterprise was officially named State Union Plant No. 586. Secret, of course.


The first tractor of the new enterprise was the MTZ-2, produced from 1954 to 1958. As the name suggests, this is a model made from Belarusian parts.

In 1958, the MTZ-5 appeared, developed jointly by the engineers of Plant No. 586 and MTZ. Although it later became known as YuMZ-5, when the company was renamed, it was sold under the Belarus brand. All this was done for the same purposes of conspiracy in military production.

MTZ-5 lingered on the conveyor until 1972. 6 years before, the manufacturer developed its own model on the chassis - YuMZ-6. The first samples appeared in 1966. The tractor was produced in small batches. Full-scale serial production began in 1970.

appointment

The main feature of YuMZ-6 is the simplicity of design. This is the cardinal difference between the model and MTZ. If Minsk tractors gradually became more complex, YuMZ remained simple. For this reason, they were so loved in the countryside - such agricultural machinery can be easily repaired at the household yard.


YuMZ-6 is unofficially considered the simplest Soviet wheeled tractor since the early 70s. Depending on the installed equipment, the equipment can perform a wide range of work. It was most often used as an excavator or planner.

Attached equipment YuMZ:

✅ For work in the fields
✅ Construction - buckets, blades, compressors, cutters and even welding machines
✅ Transportation - trailers, tanks

YuMZ-6 allows you to connect pneumatic, electrical and hydraulic equipment. The tractor is universal, its capabilities are limited by the presence of accessories. It is not for nothing that these machines are still valued by farmers - for a minimum price, you can get an au pair.

Construction and cabin

UMZ-6 is a classic wheeled tractor. Its design is similar to MTZ-5. The basis is a semi-frame. The components of the model are attached to it, including the engine, gearbox and bridge. Rutting can be changed, both front and rear.


Naturally, no tractor can do without a PTO. YuMZ-6 also has it.

The cabin of the model seems cramped and uncomfortable, but for the early 70s it was considered ideal. The most important thing is that it is closed and has all-round glazing, what else do you need? While the tractor was new, the cabin was airtight. By the way, it is attached to the frame through rubber "pillows".

For the tractor driver, engineers have prepared a number of amenities in the cab:

✅ Heater
✅ Fan
✅ Lighting

UMZ-6 is equipped with a power steering and a column adjustable in height and inclination. So it was easy to work. Of course, now tractors, of those that are on the move, do not look very good. Comfort hasn't been left there for a long time, at best it's a whole seat and glass. But the fault is the owners, not the engineers.

Engine, gearbox and brakes

The main engine for YuMZ-6 is the D-65 diesel. This is an engine with a displacement of 4,94 liters, developing 60 hp. With. Despite the declared characteristics, the motor is famous for its simplicity of design and reliability. Of course, like any old unit, it needs maintenance, but if this is not neglected, the engine will please.


Among the shortcomings of the D-65 can be called too low speed. The second minus is the dislike of the power unit for idling. Structurally, the D-65 is made in such a way that it leads to wear of parts. Experienced tractor drivers knew this feature.

The third minus is that the old motor periodically suffers from leaks. Drivers call such engines "snotty".

Gearbox YuMZ-6 five-speed manual. Like a classic wheeled tractor, there are low and high steps.


The main disadvantage of the YuMZ-6 box is that it is in the same body as the rear axle. Because of this, the global repair of the node is difficult. However, the gearbox rarely broke down, although drivers encountered knocking out the lever at speed.


Brakes are drum, and separate. Due to this feature, it is easier to maneuver in off-road conditions.

The reliability of YuMZ-6 is evidenced by the fact that they are still working, although the resource of the equipment was declared at 10 years.

Advantages and disadvantages of the model

The main advantage of YuMZ-6 is the reliability of the design. The engine is able to run on even the lowest quality diesel fuel.

Since YuMZ-6 was assembled at an essentially military enterprise, the assembly and control there were appropriate. Judging by the reviews of tractor drivers, most of the components and parts worked out their resource many times. Unfortunately, this applies only to spare parts of the Soviet period.


Among the shortcomings of YuMZ-6, first of all, a high center of gravity should be noted. If it was necessary to work on sections with a slope, the manufacturer recommended expanding the track to 1,8 meters.

The fact that YuMZ-6 was one of the best tractors is eloquently said by one little-known fact. In 1974, when the car received the Quality Mark, Volvo bought the documentation for its production.

YuMZ-6 is a legend of the USSR. Tractors still continue to work, although every year there are fewer copies on the go.